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Ryazantsy (Sergiev Posadsky district) - the place where the MGRI experimental test site has been operating since December 1935: the base for the main field training practices and educational and scientific works. Here were practiced geophysical, geodetic, exploration and engineering-hydrogeological methods.
In December 2005 the polygon celebrated its 70th anniversary. It was established in 1935 by the efforts of L.M. Alpin to replace the former «geophysical experimental field» near Torbeyev Lake. Geophysicist V.O. Uryson was the first scientific supervisor.
Brief overview
The polygon in Ryazantsy is a training and field center where students work in real conditions, not just study theory. According to the 1935 order, both training facilities (boreholes, pits, adits) were created here, as well as a full-fledged infrastructure: housing, workshops and auxiliary facilities.
Key document: Order No. 329 of the Ordzhonikidze Moscow State Institute of Physics and Technology from December 28, 1935.
The essence: to organize an experimental range for field practice and research work.
- construction of derricks, adits, shafts, boreholes and pits;
- placement of geophysical and hydrogeological installations, workshops;
- construction of housing for faculty and students;
- organization of subsidiary farming (farms, field farming) for food supply;
- transferring the assets of the former «geophysical field» to the new base.
Photos of the polygon (archive)
Historical staffing: infrastructure development, fieldwork and student life.
Key Sections
Geography and infrastructure
The village of Ryazantsy is located in the north of Moscow Region, in the southern part of Sergiev Posad District, 61 km from the center of Moscow and 8 km south of Sergiev Posad station. It is located on both sides of the Old Yaroslavskoye highway. In 1 km to the south-east there is the M8 highway (Yaroslavskoe highway), in 5 km to the north-west there is the railroad of Yaroslavskoe direction. The nearest settlements are Varavino and Morozovo.
The village stands on the watershed of the rivers Pazhi and Torgoša. The geological section is composed of permeable loams without a regional water table, because of which groundwater is deep - about 20 meters. This makes it difficult to construct wells, so deep wells and artificial wells are used for water supply. deep wells and artificial reservoirs (kopani) are used for water supply.
Infrastructure is poorly developed: there is a store and a telephone. Opposite, across the road, there is a cottage village «Ryazantsy». The Podmash brook flows through the territory.
Practices and work on the training ground
The polygon was established as a base for training and pilot studies. Main activities:
- Geophysics: field observations, quality control, georeferencing, data interpretation.
- Geodesy: surveying, georeferencing of profiles and points, geometrization of works.
- Reconnaissance: drilling of boreholes, sinking of pits.
- Hydrogeology: water observations, regime measurements.
- Working with objects: The use of adits, shafts, boreholes and pits for educational purposes.
- Infrastructure: maintenance of workshops, installations and residential buildings.
- Science: carrying out experimental work as part of the research and development sector (NIS).
Quick route
- Documents: go to the «Full text of Order #329» and the section on landfill organization.
- Terrain: See. «Geography and Infrastructure» (highway, railroad, watershed, Podmash Creek).
- Visualization: see. «Photos of the polygon in Ryazantsy (different years)».
- Context: See. «History of the village of Ryazantsi».
What's inside
Detailed information: history of the name and administrative status, memorials, and the original 1935 order.
History of the village of Ryazantsi (in detail)
Middle Ages and first mentions
The village was first mentioned among the possessions of the Trinity-Sergiev Monastery in 1481. In the piscopal book of 1573, it is listed as «the village that was a wasteland Rezantsevo».
According to the boundary charter of 1542-1543, the Old Pereslavl road passed halfway between Radonezh and the village of Rezantsova, one kilometer northwest of the modern Yaroslavskoye highway, through the upper reaches of the Podmash brook, through the lands of the village of Morozovo.
By the second half of the 1540s, the route of the road shifted and passed through the village itself. In September 1548 Tsarina Anastasia made a pilgrimage on foot to the Trinity-St. Sergius Monastery. Near Rezantsov she had a vision of the Holy Trinity. Ivan the Terrible ordered a memorial cross to be erected here, which is mentioned in documents from the 1580s.
New Times
In the second half of the XVIII century at the entrance to the village, on the site of the legendary meeting of St. Stephen of Perm and St. Sergius of Radonezh (1390), a stone tent chapel was built. It was destroyed in 1935, and in 1996 a commemorative wooden cross was erected on this place.
On Schubert's map of 1860 are marked: the v. Ilyashovo (now disappeared), the chapel «Cross», the lord's house and the village Kutuzovo itself (abolished in 1939), as well as the v. Ryazantsy (Rezantsevo).
The charter of Elizabeth Petrovna (1752) mentions «the village of Rezanova on Sukhodol, and according to the previous revision the village of Rezantsy». In the XIX century the village belonged to the parish of the village Gorodok (Radonezh).
According to the list of 1862 Ryazantsy was a government village of Dmitrov uyezd at the ponds, on the highway, with 20 courtyards and 137 inhabitants. By 1890 the population grew to 150 people, and by 1913 there were 25 households and a police officer.
Administrative changes in the twentieth century
In 1917 the village was included in the Ryazantsev village council. The 1926 census recorded 147 inhabitants and 31 peasant farms.
Since 1929, the administrative affiliation has changed:
- Vozdvizhensky s/s of Sergievsk raion (1929-1930);
- Vozdvizhensky s/s of Zagorsk raion (1930-1963, 1965-1991);
- Vozdvizhensky s/s of Mytishchi enlarged raion (1963-1965);
- Vozdvizhensky s/s of Sergiev Posad raion (1991-1994);
- Vozdvizhensky rural district (1994-2006);
- Lozovskoye Rural Settlement (since 2006).
Evolution of the name
The name of the village has changed over time:
- «Rezantsova» is a map of the Moscow province in 1774;
- «Rezantsovo» is Schubert's 1826 map;
- «Rezantsova» is an 1871 map of Strelbitsky;
- «Ryazans» is a map from 1916.
The transition to the form «Ryazantsy» was consolidated in the middle of the 19th century, probably by analogy with the name of the inhabitants of Ryazan. The plural began to fulfill the function of the former suffix (cf. Bartenky - Bartenevo).
Memorable places
- The Belukhinskoe tract is a zone of archeological excavations.
- The place of the chapel «Cross» (at Trinity Poklonnaya Hill) - destroyed in 1935.
- The building of the school for boys (1898, architect A.A. Latkov) - now in disrepair.
- Former village Kutuzovo (Stepankovo) - disappeared in 1939.
- The vanished village of Ilyashovo.
- MGRI-RGGRU Polygon.
- Cultural heritage object «Ryazantsy-2» on the territory of the landfill.
Order No. 329 of December 28, 1935 (text)
Full text of the order of MGRI Director I.A. Snobkov on the organization of the polygon. The document fixes the status of the facility as a base for education and science.
Order No. 329 for the Ordzhonikidze Moscow Geological Exploration Institute. Ordzhonikidze from December 28, 1935.
§ 1. To improve students' educational and practical work and to carry out the main field training practices of students: geophysical, geodetic, exploration and engineering-hydrogeological, as well as for research and development experimental works to organize as part of NIS'a a pilot training and research experimental site at the adopted site b. Moscow State Farm Electro-mechanical technical school.
§ 2. On the test site to create:
(a) Pilot derricks, adit, shaft, boreholes, pits.
b) geophysical, hydro-engineering-geological, hydrometric installations, auxiliary mechanical workshops.
c) houses for faculty members
d) student dormitories and
e) auxiliary farming (dairy farms, field farming) as some food base.
§ 3. Pending the approval of staffing by the State Department of Health and Human Services, establish the following temporary staffing levels:
a) Scientific supervisor of the experimental site on a part-time basis - 1 - 300 p.;
b) Head of the experimental polygon - 1 - 325 p.;
c) Pom. Head of the Experimental Polygon on household - 1 - 200 p.;
d) Stablesman-coucher - 1 - 125 p;
e) Milkmaid - 1 - 160 p.;
f) Utility workers - 2 - 150 p.;
g) Night watchman - 1 - 75 p.
including in the rates set all additional payments for days off and overtime.
§ 4. Assignment:
a) The head of the auxiliary farm of the experimental testing site t. Gudovich A.I. from 14/XII 1935 with a salary of 300 rubles (temporarily).
b) Pom. Head of the auxiliary farm of the experimental test site t. Raubel with a salary of 200 rubles.
c) The rest of the technical staff (milkmaid, groom, auxiliary workers, watchman) should be selected by the head of the experimental site from the staff of the experimental site
б. MEMT'a State Farm and b. Geophysical field of MGRI, submitting for approval.
§ 5. To transfer the property of the geophysical experimental field to the organized experimental site.
Director of the Institute: Snobkov
Who it's good for
- Students and alumni: Understand the base structure, practice history, and training logic.
- Teachers: quick access to documents, photos and the structure of the polygon.
- Local historians: The landfill is an important part of the area's history, documented since 1935.
Terminology
- Experimental Range: territory with equipment for educational and research work.
- Schurf: a shallow vertical excavation for exploration and study of soils.
- The adit: a horizontal or inclined mine workings.
- Watershed: the border between river basins (here, the Pazhi and Torgoši).
- Drainage: a layer of rock that is practically impervious to water. Its absence in Ryazantsy affects the depth of water occurrence.
- Kopanj: a small artificial pond for household needs.
Frequent questions
When and by whom was the range founded?
It was organized by order No. 329 of December 28, 1935, by I.A. Snobkov, Director of MGRI.
What practices are considered essential?
The order consolidates geophysical, surveying, exploration, and hydrogeologic engineering practices.
What was to be built on the range?
In addition to the training facilities (derricks, mines, wells), a full-fledged residential complex, workshops and auxiliary facilities were planned.
What is the specialty of Ryazantsev hydrogeology?
The lack of a regional aquifer and location on a watershed result in deep water table (ca. 20 m), which complicates water supply and requires special training approaches.